"Participation Builds Unity"
"MADE IN AFRICA - FOR AFRICA"
"Participation Builds Unity"
"MADE IN AFRICA - FOR AFRICA"
PRESENTS
NEPAD BUSINESS FOUNDATION
Courtesy:
World Economic Forum
© 2004 World Economic Forum
All rights reserved.
The views expressed in this publication do notnecessarily reflect the views of the World Economic Forum.
**********************************
91-93 route de la CapiteCH-1223
Cologny Geneva Switzerland
Telephone: +41 (0)22 869 1212
Fax: +41 (0) 22 786 2744
E-mail: contact@weforum.org
Website: www.weforum.org
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted inany form or by any means, including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system.
MAPUTO, MOZAMBIQUE 2-4 JUNE 2004
Walking the Talk
Held for the first time in Maputo, Mozambique, the 2004 Summit saw 700 World Economic Forum members and other constituents representing business, government, civil society, academia and the media from 48 countries affirm the need for effective public-private partnerships to improve Africa’s performance and prospects.
The pan-African and international make-up of the participants gathered in Maputo testifies to the commitment of key stakeholders to building a new Africa.
Constructive dialogue and a focus on practical steps to transform the continent characterized the meeting.
Participants explored new action plans and grappled with the constraints that still frustrate movement on critical issues from agribusiness, infrastructure provision and financing, and the development of African capital markets, through HIV/AIDS and other diseases of poverty, to the central role of leadership in addressing the continent’s core challenges.
As many participants pointed out, these new partnerships must work!
The challenges are enormous and time is not on Africa’s side in addressing poverty, disease and underdevelopment.
The World Economic Forum is proud to be associated with the NEPAD Business Group (NBG) that was formed two years ago to help governments tackle these challenges.
Born at the Africa Economic Summit in Durban in June 2002 and now comprising more than 350 African companies, business associations and multinationals active in Africa, the NBG has sensitized business to the need to act in the public interest in support of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development.
Plans to create a NEPAD Business Foundation to mobilize and direct international aid to well-managed projects were announced in Maputo, as was progress by sectoral working groups examining the challenges in transport, energy and construction, financial services, and information and communications technology.
"Mozambique is an excellent example of what can be achieved, in a few short years, with strong leadership and good governance if one embraces effective public-private partnerships and transnational cooperation.
We saw impressive infrastructure projects like the Maputo Corridor and electrical energy pooling arrangements, developed in partnership between the governments of Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland, and local and global investors.
These demonstrate a clear understanding of the sources of national and regional competitive advantage. Participants visited the world-class Mozal aluminiumsmelter, the impressively rehabilitated Port of Maputo and an exemplary HIV/AIDS project run by the Community of Sant’Egidio on the outskirts of Maputo.
They saw the fruits of collaboration and partnership,and were challenged to replicate these successes elsewhere on the continent.
The processes catalyzed and the networks built at our Summits are only as strong as the people that drive and sustain them.
The World Economic Forum is honoured to offer a platform to Africans, and those who wish them well, to allow them to develop new insights into ways to address Africa’s challenges, but it is the governments, companies and other parties active on the continent who translate these visions into reality.
We were pleased that the new African success stories reported at the Summit, and the evidence of strong growth in some countries outlined in our third Africa Competitiveness Report, corrected the misperception that Africans are unable or unwilling to work together to achieve tangible successes.
Many participants saw this Summit as a turning point in the exchanges between business and African governments.
Far-sighted political leaders had shown the way with the NEPAD, but ever more people now recognize that governments cannot transform Africa alone. Business and all sectors of civil society must play important roles, and governments are coming to recognize that these sectors have legitimate concerns and valuable contributions to make.
As participants in the session on African leadership heard clearly, leaders must have the courage to do what is right for their people and their countries,irrespective of their personal interests. They must be able to see beyond the horizon and understand that they lead in order to serve their communities.Optimism, realism and integrity will enable us to address the challenges we face.
I urge you to seize the opportunities offered by the spirit of openness, partnership and cooperation that has taken root on the African continent.
On behalf of my colleagues at the World Economic Forum, I would like to thank President Joaquim Chissano and his colleagues in the government and business community of Mozambique for the warm welcome they extended to our participants and the assistance they gave my team and me in hosting this Summit."
Haiko Alfeld Director
Any disappointment with the Summit’s failure to set out short-and medium-term action programmes was tempered with the realization that there are no quick fix solutions to Africa’s problems. To pretend otherwise, by setting targets and objectives, such as the Millennium Development Goals for the year 2015, many of which are unlikely to be achieved in the majority of African countries, is to create unrealistic expectations.
Alec Erwin, South African Minister of Public Enterprises, summed up this mood when he warned against fast track solutions, describing the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) as a 10 to 15 year programme.
Another participant, also cautioning against expecting too much too soon, quoted Harvard Business School Professor Michael Porter’s description of economic development as “a marathon, not a sprint.”
In the debate on the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) too, panellists acknowledged that while there is disappointment among some African leaders, donors and business people at the slow pace of progress, the programme, while behind its timetable, is on course.
That no single issue dominated the Summit was a reflection of the more settled, even tranquil, environment that now exists on most of the continent, and especially in southern Africa.
Reflecting this largely crisis-free atmosphere, most of the debate focused on longer term bread-and-butter developmental issues, with participants reporting progress in settling political disputes, in pressing ahead with the NEPAD agendas of infrastructure development and peer review, and in tackling disease, especially HIV/AIDS.
“Business must act, not wait.” President Joachim Chissano of Mozambique at the closing plenary session.
Arguably the main reason for this more confident mood at the Summit had its roots in the recognition that after the troubled decade of the 1990s when little seemed to go right, the 21st century has started on a much brighter note.
The list of countries that have successfully conducted peaceful democratic elections is lengthening, the number – and scope – of conflicts has declined, and in 2004-2005 the sub-Saharan economy is forecast to achieve its fastest growth rate for a decade.
Economic reform is paying off, inflation has slowed, currencies have stabilized,and the debt relief programme of Heavily Indebted Poor Countries is beginning to pay off.
Luisa Dias Diogo, Prime Minister of Mozambique, painted a glowing picture of one of Africa’s fastest growing economies, with GDP growth averaging more than 7% annually over the past decade, partly driven by foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows of US$ 1 billion annually since 1997.
At the business level, Pieter Cox, Chief Executive of Sasol, South Africa, not only described the success of the US$ 1.2 billion investment in the 865-kilometre oil pipeline linking Mozambique and South Africa, but predicted that this success would generate further investment opportunities in Mozambique.
Vincent Maphai, Chairman of BHP Billiton South Africa and Co-Chair of the Africa Economic Summit 2004, drew three important action points from the discussion:
This is not to suggest that the mood at the Summit in Maputo was one of smug complacency. Far from it. But while panellists and participants from governments, NGOs and business reaffirmed their commitment to urgent action to narrow the still-widening divide between sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the developing world, this was balanced by sober warnings of the dangers of trying to do too much too soon.
Although no single issue dominated the discussions, one theme was paramount – the imperative of translating the NEPAD’s fine words and ambitiousi deals into concrete achievement.
In many – if not most – sessions, participants related their contributions to the NEPAD initiative, most notably in respect of investment in infrastructure, intra-regional trade and the development of regional capital markets, and the potential contribution of the NEPAD’s African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), in concert with the African Union’s Peace and Security Council, to creating a conflict-free stable environment in which business and investment could prosper.
Frédéric Sicre, Managing Director, World Economic Forum, who moderated the panel discussion on the APRM, tried hard to elicit assurances from panellists of a review mechanism with teeth that would allay donor fears of the peer review as a mutual back-slapping exercise.
Wiseman L. Nkuhlu, Chairperson of theNEPAD Steering Committee, South Africa, ruled out the use of “red cards” to discipline countries that fall short of stipulated standards. Instead, he said, such countries would have to take corrective action, because if they did not they would lose the confidence of their own people.
Peter Anyang’ Nyong’o MP, Minister for Planning and National Development of Kenya, who argued that African governments were at “various stages” of the democratization process and the APRM should avoid making “instant judgements,” supported him.
Donor support was forthcoming too from the British government, with Graham Stegmann, Director, Africa, Department of International Development, United Kingdom, insisting that donors were not seeking red card-type sanctions.
Simba Makoni, Managing Director, Makonsult, Zimbabwe, voiced his government’s hostility to the APRM process warning that it is too focused on “outside assessments.” Some of the yardsticks are “inappropriate” and what Africa needs is a self-assessment system that would be more credible, more deep-rooted and more indigenous.
There was little public disagreement with the views expressed in the session. However, in private discussion, NGO representatives and business people expressed concern – not just because of the slow progress of peer review, but also because of their fear that the process would fall short of the standards needed to improve governance on many parts of the continent.
This sentiment was also hardened when South African President Thabo Mbeki side-stepped the challenge from Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, Chairman, Anglo American and Co-Chair of the Africa Economic Summit 2004, to report on the goal of securing political settlements on conflicts in the DRC, Sudan, Liberia, Burundi and Zimbabwe, which Mbeki had predicted at the 2003 Summit.
Mbeki’s response was that the continent is moving forward on the right track with progress in terms of securing peace in both Sudan and the DRC.
President Mbeki’s silence on a Zimbabwe solution was echoed in the session on that country at which all panellists agreed on the need for broader political dialogue to break the impasse. But that was the limit of consensus.
Simba Makoni insisted that only Zimbabweans themselves could solve the problem.
Nigel Chanakira, Executive Deputy Chairman, Kingdom Financial Holdings, Zimbabwe, and Njongonkulu Ndungane Anglican Archbishop of CapeTown, both stressed the need for foreign mediation or participation to bring the two sides to the bargaining table. The Archbishop called on the South African government to “upscale” its efforts from quiet diplomacy to formal negotiation.
Siddharth Tiwari, Deputy Director, African Department, International Monetary Fund (IMF), described Zimbabwe’s economic situation as ”as bad as it gets.”
The only solution, he said, was for Zimbabwe to reintegrate itself into the global economy, but without political dialogue, this is impossible.
From the debate on the floor it was clear that the perceptions gap between African leaders on the one hand, and Western governments and the donor community on the other, is so wide that an agreed formula for resolution remains elusive.
Steve J. Lennon, Managing Director, Resources and Strategy, Eskom, South Africa, warned of the dangers of fast track projects in view of the huge costs involved.
The proposed West Corridor Electricity Interconnect (Westcor) project that involves five countries (DRC, Angola, Namibia, Botswana and South Africa) is a 15-year project while it has taken 8 years to bring the Mozambique-South Africa natural gas venture, officially commissioned just before the Summit, to fruition.
The essentially practical focus of the sessions on infrastructure – and related organized visits to the port of Maputo and the nearby Mozal aluminium smelter project – was appreciated and underlined in group recommendations.
In their report back, participants stressed the need for clear information on who is driving a particular project, where and how the finance would be arranged, and the allocation of risk - financiers need to “smell the money” – see financial returns – before committing themselves.
In a discussion led George E. Taylor-Lewis, Director of the NEPAD Unit at the African Development Bank in Tunis, Africa had to identify the “communications gap” as one task that should be tackled urgently. "There is," he said, "a big communications gap between the NEPAD organs and the private sector, especially in southern Africa."
A recurrent theme throughout the Summit was South Africa’s growing dominance of the sub-Saharan economy.
At different sessions, participants raised the challenges faced by African manufacturers struggling to compete against imports from South Africa. FDI inflows to the region continue to be dominated by investment in oil-producing states, especially on the west coast and in South Africa.
South Africa is the only significant player on the continent in terms of cross-border mergers and acquisitions, with the country being both a source of such takeovers, as in the case of the AngloGold acquisition of Ashanti, and a recipient of such investment.
John Mandy, General Manager of the Namibia Stock Exchange, pointed to another dimension of such dominance, the fact that only 1% of the transactions on the Namibian stockmarket is in Namibian equity – the rest is trading South African stocks via the JSE Securities Exchange South Africa.
Regional Capital Market Development Exploiting this dominance gave rise to an action recommendation from the session on Capital Propelling Africa’s Growth, with participants calling for speedy launch of regional stock markets.
Russell M.Loubser, Chief Executive Officer of the JSE Securities Exchange South Africa, said discussions are underway for the Zambian and Zimbabwe markets to join a two-tier regional platform from which some of their listed stocks could be traded regionally. This would depend however on uniformity in exchange control regulations as well as the establishment of an agency or fund to guarantee cross-border settlements.
In response to South African Finance Minister Trevor Manuel’s rhetorical question in the discussion on capital markets: “What have we learned that we did not know before?” one panellist said it was time to stop talking and get on with regional market integration.
Participants were given two instances of how private investment shuns Africa.
Gregory Ansermino, Director of Project Finance, Standard Bank of South Africa, blamed this on risk and cost perceptions, while South African Public Enterprise Minister Alec Erwin said putting together private-public projects required “real skill” given the complexities involved, especially in cross-border projects. Despite this, he was optimistic that such infrastructure projects would snowball over the next decade because of the lessons now being learned.
The Mozal smelter in Mozambique is a classic example of such partnerships.
If governments had not built the Maputo corridor road first, said Erwin, the Mozal smelter would never have been built.
Stefan Helming, Director-General, General Planning and Development, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Germany, asked whether there was a business case for water development in Africa, as in other parts of the world.
Discussion groups concluded that there is a strong case, while cautioning that business ventures need strong community partners capable of navigating the unique social-economic contours of local capacity and needs.
Action recommendations included recognizing that a local economy of water already exists in Africa, however crude.
Consumers already pay – often to high-price black market vendors, or in terms of the time taken to access water, or in the form of water-borne diseases. Participants said NGOs must be used to tackle community-level dynamics allowing local communities to decide what they are prepared to payfor fixing leaks, for community standpipes or for water delivery to individual homes.
Richard Aylard, Director, Corporate Social Responsibility, RWE Thames Waiter, United Kingdom, was confident that provided business worked with donors and governments to cover the start-up costs of infrastructure, “People can and will take over and pay for water delivery costs themselves.”
Although African agriculture has underperformed and is today worse off than it was 25 years ago, the situation is not all “gloom and doom” according to Richard Mkandawire, Adviser, Agriculture, NEPAD Secretariat, South Africa. He cited the growth of non-traditional commodities, such as floriculture and horticulture in Kenya, Senegal and Mali, or beef in Botswana and Namibia.
Of great importance too is the commitment of the NEPAD heads of state to earmark 10% of budget spending to agriculture, signalling a new era of development.
Other panellists stressed the role of linkages with business. Look for cash crops and work outward and upward from there, said Carlos M. Costa, Deputy Director of Technoserve Mozambique, citing the example of Mozambique moving up the value chain from growing cashew nuts to processing the product.
South African Trade and Industry Minister Mandisi Mpahlwa stressed another action point – the need for governments to see agricultural policy in a broader context. Shoprite supermarkets, he said, should not be seen as the enemy of African agriculture but as a market for production. Such retailers should source half their goods from local farmers, he suggested.
In a similar vein, Nick Moon, Director, ApproTEC, Kenya, argued that Africa’s poor have a great deal of non-financial capital that could be used to alleviate poverty. “We should not wait for markets to kick in,” he said, ”but we should kick them in.” He describedhow 3,600 rural projects in Kenya, using ApproTec’s technologies, have managed to build 5,000 houses and send 50,000 children to school.
There was no way that the private sector could supply all the answers, he said, without the backing of public-private partnerships and NGOs. At the end of the workshop participants launched the NEPAD agribusiness initiative which aims to connect Africa’s farmers to markets within Africa and beyond.
There was little consensus on trade issues at the Summit. Thus, Hendrik G. Roelofsen, Director, Division of Technical Cooperation Coordination, International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO, Geneva, wondered why regional trade groupings in Africa have failed to generate increased trade.
The World Economic Forum’s Africa Competitiveness Report 2004, released during the meeting, concludes that attempts to form preferential arrangements among economically small countries with similar comparative advantages “have not been successful”
In its chapter on trade, the Report suggests that north-south preferential agreements with developed countries show greater promise of success.
There was disagreement too between Peter H.Staude, Chief Executive Officer, Tongaat-Hulett Group, South Africa, and Xavier Sala-i-Martin, Professor of Economics, Columbia University, USA. Staude expressed confidence that market access problems for African exports in developed countries would be “sorted out over the next five years.” Sala-i-Martin took a very different view. “Europe will not change,” Sala-i-Martin said. ”The question is how Africa operates in a world in which subsidies continue. Don’t wait for them to lower tariffs, because it is not going to happen.” Even if – and when – tariffs disappear, Africa must have products to sell that the rest of the world wants to buy.
Taking up this theme, other participants argued that rather than waiting for others to change, African governments should liberalize trade within Africa itself.
Carlos Alberto Sampaio Morgado, Minister of Industry and Trade of Mozambique, said African countries should open up their markets to each other and to other developing countries. “The problem,” he said, ”is that everyone tries to protect themselves.” There was also broad agreement that governmentscould take action to facilitate trade by removing “hassle factors,” such as unnecessary red tape and improving transport links that currently hinder intra-regional trade.
Moderator Adam Roberts,Correspondent, The Economist Group, United Kingdom, urged African governments to seize the initiative themselves to increase trade.
One such initiative already in operation is the IBSA (India-Brazil-South Africa) alliance established in June2003, linking three of the most powerful economies in the southern hemisphere. Panellists described this as a concrete move designed to move South-South cooperation from rhetoric to reality. “We want to createa real South-South relationship in order to push ahead the broader agenda of development among all nations of the southern hemisphere,” said Aziz Pahad, Deputy Foreign Minister of South Africa.
Indrani Kar, Senior Director, Confederation of Indian Industry, India, described 18 or 19 “actionable targets” identified in IBSA’s New Delhi action plan.
Priority, especially in the field of technological development, had been given to private-public partnerships – a pervasive theme throughout the Summit.
In their attempts to push the debate in the direction of an action agenda, panellists and participants tried hard to ensure that some practical action points emerged from their discussions. Thus, participants in the session on the use of marketing to tackle the HIV/AIDS stigma, dismayed at the session’s poor attendance, urged the World Economic Forum to ensure that in 2005 there would be a plenary session on the disease, thereby ensuring that it receives highprofile attention.
Brian A. Brink, Senior Vice-President, Health, Anglo American Corporation, South Africa, went further to suggest that the Forum provide a counselling service at the 2005 Summit, at which participants would be challenged to establish their HIV status and given buttons to wear after they have done so. “If we do this,” he said, “the news will go around the world.”
Much of the debate, certainly on development issues,reflected unease with the received wisdom of the Washington Consensus on economic policy.
IMF and World Bank orthodoxy, conditionality and debt relief all came under fire on various occasions. In the process,the debate highlighted the divide between industrialized countries and donors, including the Bretton Woods institutions, and African businesspeople and policy-makers.
Free trade, even within Africa, was criticized by a Tanzanian participant who expressed alarm at the extent to which his country’s domestic market was being “taken over” by imports from South Africa.
South African Finance Minister Trevor Manuel expressed reservations about foreign direct investment, when he said, in Africa such investment is about the “extraction of wealth and very little else.” Yet, in the closing plenary, Hilde F. Johnson, Minister of International Development of Norway, described the attraction of greater FDI inflows as “the major challenge” facing Africa. Africa is, she warned, lagging behind meeting its targets under the Millennium Development Goals programme. If these were to be met the multinational development banks and the private sector would have to play a larger role.
Inevitably at such gatherings there was a sense of impatience and frustration among participants.
Most of the debates dissected issues that have been on the African development agenda for decades rather than years, while criticisms of the mainstream economic orthodoxy developed in the Western democracies, harked back to debates that fast-growing economic regions like South-East Asia, and even China, have left behind.Yet, the very fact that African leaders and business people are still challenging conventional wisdom partly explains donor reluctance to expand aid budgets and enhance debt relief – other than for such programmes as HIV/AIDS or at a time of humanitarian or post-conflict crisis.
As one donor participant said in a private conversation, “Too many leaders are lookingfor donor-funded soft options rather than forcing through the hard choices to be made, such as cutting military spending and spending more on education and health.”
The need for stronger, more decisive and more proactive leadership emerged at numerous sessions during the course of the Summit.
Participants in the workshop on leadership set out to answer the question whether African leadership qualities are different from those elsewhere in the world. The workshop drew on the study of African leadership launched by Reuel Khoza, Chairman, Eskom, South Africa; Luisa Dias Diogo, Prime Minister and Minister of Planning and Finance of Mozambique, and Vincent Maphai, Chairman, BHP Billiton, South Africa,and Co-Chair of the Africa Economic Summit 2004, in a light moment during the plenary Sucess Stories and New Opportunities Executive Summary
Eric Mafuna, Chairman, Africa Now, said the principal finding of the study was that successful communities were those that developed leadership at the community level – an issue requiring urgent action, especially in South Africa. But Armando Guebuza, General Secretary, Frelimo Party, Mozambique, warned that African traditions were being challenged by the West and by Africans themselves, resulting in a danger that the sense of community is being displaced, leaving a vacuum in its place.
The session concluded that Africa has important values of its own, including leadership values, which should be respected and maintained. Once again, there were warnings of the dangers of overreach, with one discussion group cautioning leaders to be modest about what could be achieved.
President Joachim Chissano of Mozambique wound up the Summit with some words of caution on the dangers of seeking quick fixes and models that can be replicated in Africa. Mozambique’s experience, he said, was unique. But while the country could not be used as a model, some lessons could be learned from its recent history. “We focus on people. Our policies are people centred. We often forget the aim which is to uplift the standards of the people. All stakeholders say what the government must do, but leaders from all sectors cannot work in isolation, but must work together in consultation and coordination - We still have a lot to do,” he concluded.
A striking feature of the 2004 Summit was its forward-looking focus on issues affecting the livelihood of people – the financing and implementation of infrastructural projects, especially in water and energy, measures to improve governance via the African Peer Review Mechanism, tackling the scourges of HIV/AIDS and corruption, regional integration in trade and capital markets, and the response to security crises.
In his closing remarks, Thulani S. Gcabashe, Chief Executive, Eskom, South Africa, said that one of the benefits of World Economic Forum gatherings is that various role players can align and integrate their actions and discover synergies. A prime example was asession which had shown that the private sector is not aware of what the NEPAD is doing in short-term infrastructure projects.
The NEPAD secretariat will now ensure a better flow of information so that businesses are aware of these opportunities. The emphasis on practical measures to secure incremental progress across the board is precisely what Africa needs at this critical juncture of its development. Future summits will allow participants to benchmark this progress against targets such as those of the Millennium Development Goals, to determine whether the positive developments of the past few years are a blip or, more hopefully, a long-run trend.
Vincent Maphai Chairman BHP Billiton South Africa
Social Enterprise and SMEs
Making Water Our BusinessDiscussion Leaders
African Leadership for Tomorrow
Agriculture:
Infrastructure: Making Priority Projects Happen
ABB
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The World Economic Forum is an independent international organization committed to improvingthe state of the world. The Forum provides a collaborative framework for the world's leaders to address global issues, engaging particularly its corporate members in global citizenship.Incorporated as a foundation, and based in Geneva, Switzerland, the World Economic Forum is impartial and not-for-profit; it is tied to nopolitical, partisan or national interests. The Forum has NGO consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.(www.weforum.org)
AFRICA ECONOMIC SUMMIT 2004
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Executive Summary
List of Session
Summaries
Programme
Acknowledgements
"It is no longer good enough for business and government to say ‘your side of the boat is leaking; if the boat sinks, we will all drown’” This trenchant remark by Vincent Maphai, Chairpersonof BHP Billiton South Africa and Co-Chair of the Africa Economic Summit 2004, summed up the spirit of the debate and the resolve of Summit participants.
Foreword
Haiko Alfeld, Director, Africa, World Economic Forum
Africa and the Africa Summit Team
The clearest message that emerged from the June 2004 World Economic Forum Africa Economic Summit in Maputo, Mozambique was that stakeholders have been debating the challenges facing the continent for too long. It is now time for action.
1. Increased participation in private-public partnerships
2. Strong government leadership to provide the rightclimate for investment
3. The need for greater innovation on the part of the private sector, such as seconding officials to help governments
evaluate development projects.
Making the NEPAD Work
Zimbabwe: The Stalemate Continues
Infrastructure: Making Priority Projects Happen
Communication
South African Dominance
Kick-starting Private Enterprise
The NEPAD secretariat revealed that the private sector had shown little interest in the 20 priority infrastructure projects it had identified, while the International Finance Corporation recently reported that Africa has the most inhospitable investment climate in the world.
Making Water Our Business
Agriculture: Creating Opportunities through Business
Trade: Don’t Wait for Others – Seize the Initiative
South-South Collaboration
HIV/AIDS: Raise the Profile, Banish the Stigma
Challenging Economic Orthodoxy
Hard Choices, Soft Options
Is African Leadership Different?
Putting People First
Conclusions
ENGAGING BUSINESS IN DEVELOPMENT
Sir Mark Moody-Stuart Chairman Anglo American United Kingdom
Joaquim Alberto Chissano, President of Mozambique
Reuel J. Khoza, Chairman, Eskom, South Africa
Mario Machungo, Chairman, Banco Internacionalde Moçambique (BIM), Mozambique
Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa
Trevor Manuel, Minister of Finance of South Africa
Linah Mohohlo, Governor of the Bank of Botswana
Vassi Naidoo, Chief Executive, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, South Africa
Xavier Sala-i-Martin, Professor of Economics,Columbia University
Brian C. Bruce, Chief Executive, Murray & Roberts Holdings, South Africa
Pieter V. Cox, Deputy Chairman and Chief Executive, Sasol, South Africa
Luisa Dias Diogo, Prime Minister and Minister of Planning and Finance of Mozambique
Alan Gelb, Chief Economist and Sector Director, Economic Management and Social Policy, African Region, World Bank, Washington DC
Patrice T. Motsepe, Executive Chairman, African Rainbow Minerals (ARM), South Africa
Steve Booysen, Chief Executive Designate, Absa Group, South Africa
Thulani S. Gcabashe, Chief Executive, Eskom, South Africa
Hilde F. Johnson, Minister of International Development of Norway
Gugu Moloi, Chief Executive, Umgeni Water, SouthAfrica
Levy Mwanawasa, President of Zambia
Fredéric Sicre, Managing Director, World Economic Forum
José María Figueres, Chief Executive Officer, World Economic Forum
Dana Botha, Managing Director, Absa Bank, HongKong SAR
Augusto Lopez-Claros, Chief Economist and Director, Global Competitiveness Programme, World Economic Forum
Randolph Walerius, Senior News Editor, DowJones, United Kingdom
Christo Luüs, Chief Economist, ABSA Group, South Africa
Abdul Majid Osman, Chairman of the Board, Banco Comercial e de Investimentos, Mozambique
Maria Ramos, Group Chief Executive, Transnet, South Africa
Xavier Sala-i-Martin, Professor of Economics,Columbia University, USA
Gabriel Stoliar, Executive Director, Planning and Control, CVRD Brazil
John Hanson, Founder and Editorial Adviser, Business & Financial Times, Ghana
Indrani Kar, Senior Director, Confederation of Indian Industry, India
Aziz Pahad, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Africa
Pedro Motta Pinto Coelho, Assistant-Secretary for African Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Relations of Brazil
Joachim F. Zahn, Director, Daimler Chrysler doBrasil, Brazil
Peter Fabricius, Foreign Editor, Independent Newspapers, South Africa
Alam P. Boshwaen, Chief Executive Officer, Botswana International Financial Services Centre,Botswana
Nick Christodoulou, Chief Executive, Independent Financial Services, Sanlam, South Africa
Mandisi Mpahlwa, Minister of Trade and Industry of South Africa
Richard B. Smith, Partner, Deloitte & Touche,South Africa
Alec Hogg, Chairman, Moneyweb, South Africa
Gregory Ansermino, Director, Project Finance, Standard Bank of South Africa, South Africa
Luisa Dias Diogo, Prime Minister and Minister of Planning and Finance of Mozambique
Alec Erwin, Minister of Public Enterprises of South Africa
Carl Grim, Chief Executive Officer, Aveng, South Africa
Norbert Jorek, Director, Murray & Roberts, South Africa
Jack C. Chow, Assistant Director-General, HIV/AIDS, TB & Malaria, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva
Pascoal Mocumbi, Haut Représentant, European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCPT), Netherlands
Christopher Murray, Director, Pharma International, Roche Holding, Switzerland
Stavros Nicolaou, Senior Executive, Aspen Pharmacare Holdings, South Africa
Pedro Motta Pinto Coelho, Assistant-Secretary forAfrican Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Relations of Brazil
Chris Hentschel, Chief Executive Officer, Medicinesf or Malaria Venture, Switzerland
Carlos Alberto Sampaio Morgado, Minister of Industry and Trade of Mozambique
Hendrik G. Roelofsen, Director, Division of Technical Cooperation Coordination, International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO, Geneva
Peter H. Staude, Chief Executive Officer, The Tongaat-Hulett Group, South Africa
Elisabeth Tankeu, Commissioner, Trade and Industry, African Union, Addis Ababa
Jasmine M. Whitbread, International Director,Oxfam GB, United Kingdom
Adam Roberts, Correspondent, The Economist Group, United Kingdom
Richard Aylard, Director, Corporate Social Responsibility, RWE Thames Water, United Kingdom
Roberto Colin Costley-White, Minister of Public Works and Housing of Mozambique
Adama Gaye, Chairman, Africa Affairs, Biwater, Senegal
Maria Mutagamba, Minister of State for Water of Uganda
Mohammad K. Sizwe, Senior Manager, Development Planning, Independent Development Trust (IDT) South Africa
Buyelwa Patience Sonjica, Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry of South Africa
Friedrich Barth, Adviser, Water Initiative, Institute for Organisational Communication, Germany
Nigel Chanakira, Executive Deputy Chairman, Kingdom Financial Holdings, Zimbabwe
Simba H. S. Makoni, Managing Director, Makonsult, Zimbabwe
Njongonkulu Ndungane, Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa
Siddharth Tiwari, Deputy Director, African Department, International Monetary Fund (IMF),Washington DC
Peter Sullivan, Group Editor-in-Chief, Independent Newspapers, South Africa
George Rebelo Pinto Chicoti, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs of Angola
Mario Giro, Head, International Department, Community of Sant’Egidio, Italy
Michael Hammer, Director, Africa Program, Amnesty International, United Kingdom
Marie E. Muller, Dean, Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria, South Africa
Koosum P. Kalyan, Senior Business Development Adviser, Africa, Shell International PetroleumCompany, United Kingdom
Hilde F. Johnson, Minister of International Development of Norway
Gary Klugman, Director, International Nutrition & Sport, South Africa
Nick Moon, Co-Founder and Director, ApproTEC, Kenya;
Jay Naidoo, Chairman of the Board, Development Bank of Southern Africa, South Africa;
Thembi Nwedamustwu, Chief Executive Officer, Independent Development Trust (IDT), South Africa
Jasmine M. Whitbread, International Director, Oxfam GB, United Kingdom
Bjorn Wille, Director, Strategic Business and Nutrition, Tetra Pak South Africa, South Africa
Baroness Lynda Chalker of Wallasey, Chairman, Africa Matters Limited, United Kingdom
Peter Anyang’ Nyong’o MP, Minister for Planning and National Development of Kenya
Wiseman L. Nkuhlu, Chairperson, NEPAD Steering Committee, South Africa
Stanley Subramoney, Deputy Chief Executive Officer, PricewaterhouseCoopers South Africa
Frédéric Sicre, Managing Director, World Economic Forum
Jacques Bonjawo, Chairman of the Board, African Virtual University, Kenya
Lidia Brito, Minister of Higher Education, Sciences and Technology of Mozambique
Rui Jorge L. Fernandes, Chairman, mCel-Moçambique Celular, Mozambique
Malan Smith, Director, Technology, Siemens, South Africa
Rory Stear, Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Freeplay Energy Group, United Kingdom
Yvonne Muthien, Group Executive, Corporate Affairs, MTN Group, South Africa
Jean-Louis N’Kulu Kitshunku, Deputy Minister of Mining of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo
Rick Menell, Deputy Chairman, African Rainbow Minerals, South Africa
David H. Bridgman, Programme Manager, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), Washington DC
Alec Erwin, Minister of Public Enterprises of South Africa
Alan Gelb, Chief Economist and Sector Director, Economic Management and Social Policy, African Region, World Bank, Washington DC
Miguel Athayde Marques, Executive Member ofthe Board, Caixa-Geral de Depositos Group, Portugal
Harry Hollier, Director, Siemens, South Africa
Maureen Mwanawasa, First Lady of Zambia
Graham Stegmann, Director, Africa, Departmentfor International Development, United Kingdom
William Kalema, Chairman, Uganda Investment Authority, Uganda
Mandisi Mpahlwa, Minister of Trade and Industry of South Africa
Levy Mwanawasa, President of Zambia
Bheki Sibiya, Chief Executive Officer, Business Unity of South Africa, South Africa
Adedotun Sulaiman, Director, Economic SummitGroup, Nigeria
Sipho G. Mseleku, Chief Executive Officer,Chambers of Commerce and Industry South Africa (CHAMSA) South Africa
Chris Darroll, Executive Director, Small Business Project, South Africa
Klaus Merckens, Executive Director, Sekem Group, Egypt
Richard Corriette, Vice-President, Corporate Citizenship Unit, DHL, Belgium
Russell M. Loubser, Chief Executive Officer, JSESecurities Exchange South Africa, South AfricaDiscussion Leaders
Estian Calitz, Executive Director, Finance,University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
Philip Hourquebie, Chief Executive Officer, Ernst &Young, South Africa
John Mandy, General Manager, Namibian StockExchange, Namibia
Trevor Manuel, Minister of Finance of South Africa
Tebogo T.K. Matome, Chief Executive Officer, Botswana Stock Exchange, Botswana
Graham Stegmann, Director, Africa, Departmentfor International Development, United Kingdom
Siddarth Tiwari, Deputy Director, AfricanDepartment, International Monetary Fund (IMF),Washington DCFacilitator
Colin Coleman, Managing Director, GoldmanSachs International, South Africa
Zapiro, Editorial Cartoonist, Zaprock Productions,South Africa
Lady Delphine J. Brew-Hammond, AccountDirector, Dapeg Limited, Ghana
Anne Clarke, Divisional Manager, Group CorporateAffairs, DaimlerChrysler, South Africa
Bience Gawanas, Commissioner, Social Affairs,African Union, Addis Ababa
Garth C. Japhet, Executive Director, Soul City,South Africa; Social Entrepreneur
Elizabeth Tsehai, Founder and President, E.T.Communications, USA;
Brian A. Brink, Senior Vice-President, Health, AngloAmerican Corporation, South Africa
Richard Aylard, Director, Corporate SocialResponsibility, RWE Thames Water, United Kingdom
Tony Baynes, Director, Public Affairs andCommunications, Coca-Cola Hellenic BottlingCompany, Greece
Juerg Gerber, Senior Adviser, Global Projects,Alcan, Switzerland
Todani Moyo, Managing Director, Msinsi Resorts and Game Reserves, South Africa
Titus Mtegha, General Manager, Northern RegionWater Board, Malawi
Stefan Helming, Director-General, General Planningand Development, Deutsche Gesellschaft furTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Germany
Armando Emilio Guebuza, Secretary-General,Frelimo Party, Mozambique
Reuel J. Khoza, Chairman, Eskom, South Africa
Eric Mafuna, Chairman, Africa Now, South Africa
Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa
Ndidi O. Nwuneli, Founder and Managing Partner, LEAP Africa, Nigeria;
Guy Pfeffermann, Director, Global Business SchoolNetwork, International Finance Corporation (IFC),Washington DC
Adam Roberts, Correspondent, The EconomistGroup, United Kingdom
Peter R.B. Wilson, Executive Director, AfricanLeadership Institute, United Kingdom
Sean M. Cleary, Managing Director, StrategicConcepts, South Africa
Augustine Adongo, Chief Executive, Federation of Ghanaian Exporters, Ghana
Gerrit J. Booyens, Chief Executive Officer, Southern African Citrus Cooperative, South Africa
Carlos M. Costa, Deputy Director, Technoserve Mozambique, Mozambique
Rosario dos Santos Cumbi, Industrial and Commercial Manager, Tongaat-Hulett Açucar, Mozambique
Klaus Merckens, Executive Director, Sekem Group, Egypt; Social Entrepreneur
Richard Mkandawire, Adviser, Agriculture, NEPAD Secretariat, South Africa
Mandisi Mpahlwa, Minister of Trade and Industry of South Africa
Heinrich Stevens, Manager, Trade Policy, Namib Mills, Namibia
David L. Franklin, President, Sigma One Corporation, USA Black Economic Empowerment
Klaus Döring, Chief Executive, Siemens, South Africa
Ajay Lalu, Director, Ernst & Young, South Africa
Peter N. Mageza, Group Executive Director, ABSA Group, South Africa
Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Minister of Mineraland Energy Affairs of South Africa
James T. Motlatsi, Deputy Chairman, Anglogold,South Africa
Michael H. Solomon, Director, Mineral Policy and Economics, Mineral Corporation, South Africa
Carl Grim, Chief Executive Officer, Aveng, South Africa
Steve J. Lennon, Managing Director, Resources and Strategy, Eskom, South Africa
Reatile Mochebelele, Adviser, Infrastructure, NEPAD Secretariat, South Africa
Carlos Poñe, Chief Executive Officer and Head, Sub-Sahara Region, ABB Holdings, South Africa
Charles Steyn, Country Manager, Sasol Mozambique, Mozambique
George E. Taylor-Lewis, Director, NEPAD Unit, African Development Bank, Tunis
Leslie W. Maasdorp, International Advisor,Goldman Sachs International, South Africa
Carlos Alberto Sampaio Morgado, Minister ofIndustry and Trade of Mozambique
Mahomed Rafique Yusob, Director, Investment Promotion Centre (IPC), Mozambique
Alec Don, Chief Executive Officer, Maputo Port Development Company, Mozambique
Gregory Ansermino, Director, Project Finance,Standard Bank of South Africa, South Africa
Alec Erwin, Minister of Public Enterprises of South Africa
Bongani Aug Khumalo, Chairman, Transnet, South Africa
Tomas Augusto Salomão, Minister of Transportand Communications of Mozambique
Giuseppe Liotta, Head of Mission, Community of Sant’Egidio, Italy
Eduarda Cipriano, Coordinator, HIV/AIDS Unit, Foundation for Community Development (FDC),Mozambique
Alan Gelb, Chief Economist and Sector Director, Economic Management and Social Policy, AfricanRegion, World Bank, Washington DC
Aida Libombo, Deputy Minister of Health of Mozambique
Maureen Mwanawasa, First Lady of Zambia
George Rebelo Pinto Chicoti, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs of Angola
Ana Dias Lourenço, Minister of Planning of Angola
Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos, Prime Minister of Angola
Jeanne L. Stephens, Managing Director, Austral Consultoria E Projectos, Mozambique African Culture and Globalization
Lorna L. Abungu, Executive Director, International Council of African Museums (AFRICOM) Kenya
Gado, Editorial Cartoonist, Nations Media Group,Kenya
Olubunmi Lawson, Executive Director, Fate Foundation, Nigeria
Amolo Ng’weno, Chief Operating Officer, Trust for African Rock Art, Kenya
Dzifa Amegashie, Partner, Tertium Consulting, Ghana
Francis J. G. Antonie, Senior Policy Analyst, Standard Bank of South Africa, South Africa
Mustafa Bello, Executive Secretary, Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission, Nigeria
Zapiro, Editorial Cartoonist, Zaprock Productions, South Africa
Alec Hogg, Chairman, Moneyweb, South Africa
Jack C. Chow, Assistant Director-General, HIV/AIDS, TB & Malaria, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva
Fatima Hassan, Attorney, Law and treatment Access Unit, AIDS Law Project, Treatment ActionCampaign, South Africa
Giuseppe Liotta, Head of Mission, Community of Sant’Egidio, Italy
Njongonkulu Ndungane, Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa
Nomusa Philda Nzimande, Member of the Board, International Council of Nurses, Switzerland
Garth C. Japhet, Executive Director, Soul City, South Africa
Lidia Brito, Minister of Higher Education, Sciences and Technology of Mozambique
Joaquim Alberto Chissano, President of Mozambique
Luisa Dias Diogo, Prime Minister and Minister of Planning and Finance of Mozambique
Armando Emilio Guebuza, Secretary-General,Frelimo Party, Mozambique
Carlos Alberto Sampaio Morgado, Minister of Industry and Trade of Mozambique
Paula Ferreira, Managing Partner, Deloitte &Touche (Moçambique), Mozambique
Barminas R. Kukuri, Deputy Minister of Finance of Namibia
Jesaya N. Nyamu, Minister of Trade and Industry of Namibia
Haiko Alfeld, Director, Africa, World Economic Forum
Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi, Co-Founder and Executive Director, African Women’s Development Fund, Ghana
Patrick De Smedt, Chairman, Microsoft Europe, Middle East and Africa, France
Edith V. Vries, Group Executive, Business Development, Independent Development Trust (IDT), South Africa
Alyson C. Warhurst, Chair of Strategy and International Development and Director, Corporate Citizenship Unit, Warwick Business School, United Kingdom
Bertram Lubner, Director, Plate Glass Holding, South Africa
Alec Erwin, Minister of Public Enterprises of South Africa
Trevor Manuel, Minister of Finance of South Africa
Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa
Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs of South Africa
Baroness Lynda Chalker of Wallasey, Chairman, Africa Matters Limited, United Kingdom Tourism
Matthias Kleinert, Head, Chairman’s Office, Southern Africa Initiative of German Business (SAFRI), Germany
Fernando Sumbana Jr, Minister of Tourism of Mozambique
Dawid J. de Villiers, Deputy Secretary-General, World Tourism Organization, Madrid
Antonio A. Matos, Chairman, Austral Consulting Group, Mozambique Funding for Water Projects
Alan Gelb, Chief Economist and Sector Director,Economic Management and Social Policy, African Region, World Bank, Washington DC
Adrian Hadorn, Country Director, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Mozambique
Stefan Helming, Director-General, General Planningand Development, Deutsche Gesellschaft furTechnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Germany
George E. Taylor-Lewis, Director, NEPAD Unit, African Development Bank, Tunis
Ged Davis, Managing Director, Centre for Strategic Insight, World Economic Forum
Gado, Editorial Cartoonist, Nations Media Group, Kenya
Zapiro, Editorial Cartoonist, Zaprock Productions, South Africa
Peter Sullivan, Group Editor-in-Chief, Independent Newspapers
Jasmine M. Whitbread, International Director, Oxfam GB, United Kingdom
Patrice T. Motsepe, Executive Chairman, African Rainbow Minerals (ARM), South Africa
Gugu Moloi, Chief Executive, Umgeni Water, South Africa
Steve Booysen, Chief Executive Designate, Absa Group, South Africa
Thulani S. Gcabashe, Chief Executive, Eskom, South Africa
President Levy Mwanawasa of Zambia
José María Figueres, Chief Executive Officer, World Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum would like to thank its Partners who are select member companies of the Foundation and strongly support the Forum’s commitment to improving the state of the world. They are actively involved in the Foundation’s endeavours at the global, regional and industry levels. They contribute their expertise and resources at the highest level in order to advance worldwide economic and social progress.
Accel Partners
Accenture
Apax Partners
A.T. Kearney
Audi
Bain & Company
Barco
The Boeing Company
Bombardier
Booz
Allen Hamilton
BP
Cisco Systems
The Coca-Cola Company
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
Deutsche Bank
DHL
Ernst & Young
HP
IBM Corporation
KPMG
Kudelski Group
McKinsey & Company
Manpower
Merck & Co.
Merrill Lynch
Microsoft Corporation
Nestlé
Nike
Pepsi Co
Pfizer
Pricewaterhouse Coopers
Qatar Airways
Sara Lee Corporation
Siemens
Swiss Re
UBS
Volkswagen
Zurich Financial Services
COMMENTS
**********************************
WOULD YOU LIKE TO COMMENT?
SEND US AN EMAIL:
CONTACT US
**********************************
BACK TO NEPAD FRONT PAGE
**********************************
NEPAD
FRONT PAGE
**********************************
© Copyright 1999
THE FOUNDATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA
The Hosting of this Website is Proudly Sponsored by:
